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Driving a vehicle - UNITAF Force Manual (FM)


Group

Driving a vehicle
This group is not in a published chapter and should not be relied upon.



FM/BG-1447 - Throttle and brake discipline

Consistent throttle and braking inputs reduce formation disruption, prevent collisions, and improve overall vehicle control. Abrupt inputs increase stopping distance errors and can cause secondary impacts in close formations.

FM/BS-1446 - Apply smooth acceleration and braking
  • Increase and decrease speed gradually.
  • Anticipate halts to avoid abrupt braking.
FM/BG-1464 - Use of speed management systems

Modern vehicles may provide speed-control aids such as cruise control or speed limiters. These systems can assist in maintaining convoy discipline, reducing driver workload, and improving spacing consistency when terrain allows.

Speed aids are most effective on:

  • Long road movements
  • Convoys with fixed speed parameters
  • Low-threat environments

They are less suitable in:

  • Urban terrain
  • Close formations
  • Areas requiring frequent speed changes
FM/BS-1448 - Maintain a constant set speed
  • Maintain a set speed limit as briefed by the element commander.
  • Disengage any speed aids immediately when terrain, threat, or formation changes.
FM/BG-1451 - Steering and track/wheel management

Sharp steering inputs increase rollover risk, especially in tracked or top-heavy vehicles. Controlled steering preserves traction and reduces vehicle silhouette changes that may expose weak armour arcs.

FM/BS-1449 - Apply deliberate steering inputs
  • Avoid sharp turns at speed.
  • Adjust steering input based on terrain and vehicle type.
  • Maintain predictable movement for vehicles and infantry nearby.
FM/BS-1450 - Manage vehicle power on inclines and obstacles
  • Apply steady throttle when climbing or crossing obstacles.
  • Avoid stopping mid-slope unless directed.
  • Report loss of power or mobility to the element commander immediately.
FM/BG-1452 - Reversing and confined movement

Reversing armoured vehicles is inherently hazardous due to limited rear visibility. Driver movement in reverse should be deliberate and preferably guided by the vehicle commander or ground guide.

FM/BS-1453 - Conduct safe reverse movement
  • Halt before reversing.
  • Announce “REVERSING” 
  • Reverse slowly and deliberately.
  • Follow commander or ground-guide instructions when available.
FM/BG-945 - Operating around infantry

Vehicles must avoid endangering friendly infantry. Do not run them over, and avoid firing main guns near dismounts unless absolutely necessary due to the risk of overpressure injuries. In close terrain infantry should move ahead of the vehicle as this gives dismounts a chance to spot threats early. 

Vehicle commanders may, if required, dismount to coordinate directly with infantry.

FM/BS-1353 - Maintain position in a convoy

Maintain the correct position in a convoy as set by the element leader

FM/BG-1454 - Reduced-visibility driving

Low-light and degraded visibility environments significantly reduce reaction time and depth perception. Speed and spacing must be adjusted accordingly, with increased reliance on commander guidance.

FM/BS-1455 - Adapt driving to visibility conditions
  • Reduce speed in low visibility or at night.
  • Increase spacing where possible.
  • Rely on commander cues for obstacle and personnel awareness.
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